Thanks! These were taken at a breeding center on San Cristóbal. They have room to roam in a natural environment, but are carefully monitored. The eggs are taken and incubated in a controlled facility, and the hatchlings are protected from predators until they are large enough to be released in the wild. We only did the first half of a two-week tour, and they got to the spots to see truly free-roaming animals in the second week.
Their long lives, and zoos, have played a major role in their survival. The Espańola subspecies was down to 2 males and 11 females, and they were so spread out they hadn't bred in years. They were brought together at a breeding center on Santa Cruz. A third male, Diego, had been at the San Diego Zoo since about 1930. My wife remembers riding on one there when she was a child - maybe him. When DNA test showed him to be a member of the subspecies, he was transferred to the breeding program in 1977. By 2020 there were around 2,000 tortoises on Espańola and the 14 original animals, including Diego, were released in the wild.
Here's one of the hatchling enclosures on San Cristóbal, and some a couple of years older. (8-12 inches long).
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